The Various Branches of Artmaking Activity Like Painting or Sculpture Are Called

Types of Fine art
Categories, Forms and Nomenclature of Visual Arts and Crafts.
Master A-Z Index

Nationale Nederlanden Building,
Prague."The Dancing Firm". An
iconic example of Deconstructivism,
a style of contemporary compages
pioneered by Frank O. Gehry.

DEFINITION OF VISUAL Fine art
Ever since the controversial works of Marcel Duchamp, advanced artists have been pushing the boundaries of their profession to breaking point. Installations, found-objects, conceptual works, and film, are simply some of the media which have been employed to broaden the gimmicky aesthetic. A flattened motor car has been presented as an important work of assemblage fine art; a dead shark has been pickled and turned into an installation; a "homo skull" has been 'recreated', studded with precious jewels and turned into a piece of contemporary sculpture; and, to cap it all, an exhibition of contemporary art opened last year at the Pompidou Heart in Paris, consisting of eight empty rooms.
Art Evaluation: How to Appreciate Fine art.

Basic Definitions of Art

• Art: Definition and Meaning
The meaning of beauty and fine art is explored in the branch of philosophy called aesthetics. For more definitions, see the following:
• Fine Art
Includes: drawing, painting, sculpture and printmaking.
• Visual Art
Includes: fine arts, certain contemporary arts (eg. installation, operation) and decorative arts.
• Decorative Fine art
Broadly synonymous with crafts. See also: Arts and Crafts Movement.
• Applied Art
Includes: architecture, industrial-design, fashion/furnishings-design, interior-blueprint etc.
• Crafts
Broadly synonymous with decorative arts. See likewise: Feminist Art (1970s).
• Art Glossary
Explanation of all basic terms.

IMPORTANCE OF Cartoon
Ever since the Stone Age, painters accept been forced to move with the times. Prehistoric artists painted with lumpy pigment crayons and pads of moss, before upgrading to brushes made of vegetable fibre and animal pilus. For colour pigments they used three varieties of dirt ochre, (red, yellowish and brown), and charcoal for blackness. By the fourth dimension of the Centre Ages, artists had developed both encaustic and egg-tempera painting methods, and were soon to explore the lustrous advantages of oils. New colour pigments came and went, equally did a series of pigment containers and color charts. Lastly, during the 1940s - about 32 Millennia since the first cave paintings - chemists devised fast-drying acrylic paints. But despite all these developments in the art of painting, painters notwithstanding had to draw their own images. Now, things are changing.

Digital and computer art is upon us, which ways that anyone with any proficiency in software pattern programs can produce a drawing at the drop of a hat. And life drawing is now seen by many as an old-fashioned and unnecessary waste material of time. Unfortunately, when artists stop learning how to describe, figurative art flies out the window, and video art takes over.

NON-REPRESENTATIONAL ART
The ongoing debate about "What constitutes art?" is not a trivial squabble betwixt dessicated academics. It'due south an important cultural issue for huge numbers of people. For instance, every bit more than activities become accepted as "art", so these activities detect their way into the curricula of our all-time art schools, sometimes with unfortunate results. Last twelvemonth, I visited a Graduate Bear witness staged by one of Republic of ireland'south top art colleges. Out of many hundred exhibits, I was impressed by the artistic merits of perhaps three works - two of which were past the same creative person! Most of the other works, which were virtually all abstruse, seemed to me to be sloppily executed, and lacking whatever creative impact - a adequately dire thing to say well-nigh such a major showcase of immature talent. Apparently the show's organizers thought differently, so maybe my sense of artful appreciation has deserted me. Either that, or else it'south a sobering instance of The Emperor's New Apparel.

HOW TO EVALUATE ART
Every attempt to ascertain "good" art is doomed to frustration. Allowing the gratis marketplace to determine may sound reasonable, except that auction prices identify Damien Hirst as the best ever British artist, which sounds a scrap dodgy. Besides, there are hundreds of dark, uninteresting but mega-valuable Old Master paintings quietly deteriorating in museums effectually the world, whose monetary value bears no relation to their "beauty". As for the so-called "priceless" Greek sculptures in the Louvre - the one-armed, one-legged, no-head variety, like the Venus di Milo - would yous want whatever of them in your sitting room? I doubt it. The lesson? Expensive art isn't ever good fine art. Okay, and so how else can we determine what constitutes a worthy artwork? How about letting the Arts Council determine? Err, no thanks. Nosotros do that already, and it'southward a disaster. A committee of independent critics? Hmm, maybe not: look what happened to the Turner prize. Is field of study affair a guide? For instance, is representational or figurative art better than abstraction? No. Some of the most cute decorative works are completely devoid of recognizable features, while a superrealist painting or sculpture tin sometimes leave us cold. The truth is, "good" or "beautiful" art is practically indefinable. Arguably, its beingness hinges on a magical combination of shape and color, which cannot exist pre-selected, otherwise Volkswagen would industry it.

ART HAS RARITY VALUE ONLY
Every so often we hear that a painting or drawing by some famous artist has been bought at Sotheby's or Christie'south for $10 million or maybe $50 million. A contempo instance was the $100 million paid for a screenprint (Eight Elvises) past Andy Warhol. Did the news brand us choke over our breakfast? Probably non. After all, people do pay huge prices for rare objects. Nevertheless, it'due south very disruptive, because it gives the impression that a painting has an objective or intrinsic value, sometimes reaching into the millions. But the truth is, a painting has no intrinsic value - merely rarity. Fifty-fifty its beauty or aesthetic entreatment can be caused by buying a print, at a fraction of the cost of the original. When information technology comes to a Monet, a Van Gogh or a Titian, none of this matters because the rarity value justifies a hefty price-tag, only when information technology comes to works of fine art by ordinary mortals, beware! - the $20,000 toll-tag for the work of an established minor artist tin can include a large "mode" premium, that tin disappear overnight. All this explains why the contemporary art market has nosedived, while demand for rare One-time Masters and Moderns remains comparatively buoyant.

SEPARATION OF ARTS & CRAFTS
"Fine art", traditionally the premier form of visual creativity, is supposedy a drawing-based acivity, practised mainly for its aesthetic value ("fine art for fine art'south sake") rather than its functionality. In contrast, the second-form category, known as "decorative art" (the new give-and-take for crafts), refers to things like ceramics, tapestry, enamelling, metalwork, stained drinking glass, textiles, and others, which are deemed to be ornamental or decorative, rather than intellectual or spiritual. So to recap: arts are beautiful useless things that elevate the senses - example, the Mona Lisa; whereas crafts prettify functional objects - case, a tea cup with a handpainted design. I don't know which painter/sculptor or government ceremonious retainer starting time proposed this absurd distinction, but it lingers on in all its ugly illogicality. Take architecture, for case. This has ever been regarded as a fine art, despite existence the ultimate case of utility - simply ask any architect. Advertising posters by the likes of (say) Toulouse Lautrec and Alphonse Mucha are also seen equally fine art, despite being the embodiment of decorative functionalism. On the other hand, a cute tapestry or stained glass window is regarded as mere ornamentalism, irrespective of the degree of artistic designwork and craftsmanship involved. And if you think all this is pointless and disruptive, wait till y'all encounter "practical art", a term which is now used to depict a more pattern-oriented category of decorative art.

A-Z Types of Art

• Animation Fine art
Derived from the Latin meaning "to breathe life into", blitheness is the visual art of creating a motion picture from a series of still drawings. Among the great twentieth century animators are J. Stuart Blackton, George McManus, Max Fleischer, and Walt Disney.
• Compages
Best understood every bit the applied art of building design. Historically has exerted meaning influence on the evolution of fine art, through architectural styles like Gothic, Baroque and Neoclassical. For the origins of skyscraper design, see: 19th Century Architecture; for its characteristics and development, see: Skyscraper Architecture (1850-present); for technical details, meet: Chicago School of Compages; for historical context, see: American Architecture (1600-present).
• Art Brut
Painting, drawing, sculpture by artists on the margin of order, or in mental hospitals, or children. (English category is Outsider art.)
• Assemblage Art
A contemporary grade of sculpture, comparable to collage, in which a work of art is built up or "assembled" from 3-D materials - typically "found" objects.
• Body Art
I of the oldest (and newest) forms - includes body painting and face painting, equally well as tattoos, mime, "living statues" and (most recently) "performances" by artists similar Marina Abramovic and Carole Schneemann.
• Calligraphy
This fine art, practised widely in the Far Due east and amongst Islamic artists, is regarded by the Chinese equally the highest class of fine art.
• Ceramics
A type of plastic art, ceramics refers to items made from clay and baked in a kiln. See ancient pottery from China and Greece, below. Ii of the foremost European ceramicists are the English artist Bernard Howell Leach (1887-1979), and the Frenchman Camille Le Tallec (1908-91).
• Christian Fine art
This is more often than not Biblical Art, or at to the lowest degree works derived from the Bible. It includes Protestant Reformation art and Catholic Counter-Reformation art, as well every bit Jewish themes. Come across also: Early Christian sculpture and also: Early Christian Art.
• Collage
Composition consisting of various materials like newspaper cuttings, cardboard, photos, fabrics and the similar, pasted to a board or sheet. May be combined with painting or drawings.
• Computer Art
All reckoner-generated forms of fine or practical art, including reckoner-controlled types. Also known equally Digital, Cybernetic or Internet art.
• Conceptual Fine art
A contemporary fine art grade that places primacy on the concept or idea backside a work of fine art, rather than the work itself. Leading conceptual artists include: Allan Kaprow (b.1927), and Joseph Beuys (1921-86) the quondam Professor of Monumental Sculpture at the Dusseldorf Academy, whose dedication earned him a retrospective at the Samuel R Guggenheim Museum (New York).
• Design (Artistic)
This refers to the plan involved in creating something according to a prepare of aesthetics. Examples of artistic design movements include: Art Nouveau, Art Deco, De Stijl, Bauhaus, Ulm Design School and Postmodernism.
• Cartoon
A drawing tin exist a complete work, or a type of preparatory sketching for a painting or sculpture. A central issue in fine art concerns the relative importance of drawing (line) versus color.
- chalk
- charcoal
- conte crayon
- pastel
- pen and ink
- pencil
For a selection of the greatest sketches by some of the finest draftsmen in history, please run into: Best Drawings of the Renaissance (1400-1550).
• Folk Fine art
Mostly crafts and utilitarian applied arts made past rural artisans.
• French Furniture
The greatest furniture was created during the 17th/18th centuries by French Designers at the Regal Courtroom, in the Louis Quatorze, Quinze and Seize styles. For a brusque guide, see: French Decorative Arts (1640-1792).
• Graffiti Art
Contemporary form of street aerosol spray painting which emerged in East Coast American cities during the late 1960s/early 1970s. Famous graffiti artists include Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960-88), Keith Haring (1958-90) and Banksy.
• Graphic Art
Types of visual expression defined more by line and tone (disegno), rather than colour (colorito). Includes drawing, cartoons, extravaganza art, comic strips, illustration, animation and calligraphy, as well as all forms of traditional printmaking. Besides includes postmodernist styles of word art (text-based graphics).
• Icons (Icon Painting)
Ranks alongside mosaic art every bit the most popular type of Eastern Orthodox religious art. Closely associated with Byzantine fine art, and afterward, Russian icon painters.
• Illuminated Manuscripts
This principally refers to religious texts (Christian, Islamic, Jewish) embellished with figurative illustrations and/or abstract geometric designs, exemplified by Book of Kells.
• Installation
A new category of gimmicky fine art, which employs various ii-D and 3-D materials to create a detail infinite designed to brand an impact on the viewer/visitor. Turner Prize Winner Damien Hirst and Tracey Emin are famous installation artists.
• Illustration
A course of painting, cartoon or other graphic art which explains, clarifies, pictorializes or decorates written text.
• Jewellery Art
Practised past goldsmiths, every bit well as other master-craftsmen like silversmiths, gemologists, diamond cutters/setters and lapidaries.
• Junk Art
Artworks fabricated from ordinary, everyday materials, or "found objects", of which Marcel Duchamp's "readymades" are a sub-category. Typically includes 3-D works like sculpture, assemblage, collage or installations.
• Land Art
A relatively new category of contemporary art, also chosen Earth fine art, earthworks, or Environmental fine art, information technology was led by Robert Smithson (1938-73), and emerged in America during the 1960s as a reaction against the commercial art world.
• Metalwork Art
Embraces goldsmithing, the fashioning of precious metals into objets d'fine art, too as enamelwork techniques like cloisonné, plique-a-jour, champlevé, and encrusted enamelling. See: Celtic Metalwork. For more modern works, see besides: Fabergé Easter Eggs.
• Mosaic Art
An ancient art form, developed by Ancient Greek and Byzantine artists, which creates pictorial designs out of glass tesserae. For its high bespeak during the Center Ages, see: Ravenna Mosaics (c.400-600) and Christian Byzantine Art (c.400-1200).
• Outsider Art
Artworks past painters/sculptors exterior mainstream culture; may be mentally ill, or untutored and uneducated: (French equivalent is Fine art Brut).
• Painting
Since classical antiquity the highest grade of Western art, painting has been dominated by Renaissance-mode "Bookish Art". Until the invention of pre-mixed paints and the collapsible paint tube in the mid-19th century, painters had to create their own colour pigments from natural plants and metal compounds. Meet colour in painting. Famous painting movements or schools include: Early/HighRenaissance, Mannerism, Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassical, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Post Impressionism, Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, Op-Art, Popular Art, Minimalism, Photorealism, and others.
- acrylics
- encaustic painting
- fresco painting
- gouache
- ink and wash
- nail art
- oils
- miniature painting
- panel painting
- tempera painting
- watercolours
- and more
• Performance Fine art (and Happenings)
A 20th century fine art form involving a live performance by the artist before an audience. The course was explored and developed by exponents of Futurism, Constructivism, Dada, Surrealism and later contemporary art movements.
• Photography
A 20th century medium by which the artist captures pictorial images on film as opposed to the traditional fine art supports of canvas, paper or board. New estimator software graphics programs take created new opportunities for editing and prototype manipulation. See as well: Is Photography Art? Foremost amid exponents of photographic art is the American Ansel Adams, a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Guggenheim fellow and recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, noted for his black-and-white photographs of the American West. The leading contemporary Irish lens-based artist is Victor Sloan (b.1945).
• Poster Art
Peaked during the French Belle Epoque and the Fine art Nouveau era.
• Archaic Art
Associated with Aboriginal, African, Oceanic and other tribal cultures; as well embraces Outsider art.
• Printmaking
The process of making original prints by pressing an inked block or plate onto a receptive support surface, typically paper. Among nifty modernistic exponents of fine art printmaking (eg. woodcuts, engraving, etching, lithography and silkscreen) are the American artist James McNeill Whistler (1834–1903), the French artist Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901), the Dutch graphic artist MC Escher (1898-1972), Willem de Kooning (1904-97) and Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008), every bit well as silkscreen printers like Andy Warhol (1928-87), all of whom infused the artform with great vitality.
- engraving
- etching
- giclee prints
- lithography
- screen-press
- woodcuts
- and more than
• Public Fine art
A vague category of art which encompasses all works paid for by public funds. A more narrow definition might restrict it to all works designed for a space attainable to the full general public. Sadly, most public fine art ends upwards in stores or offices staffed past public servants!
• Religious Art
Typically architecture, or any fine or decorative arts with a religious theme: includes Christian or Islamic, Hindu, Buddhism or any of a hundred dissimilar sects. See for instance Chinese Buddhist sculpture (c.100 CE - nowadays).
• Rock Art
Traditionally encompasses primitive stone engravings (petroglyphs), relief sculptures, cave painting (pictographs) and megaliths of the Rock Age.
• Sand Fine art
Encompasses sand painting (Navajo Indians, Tibetan Buddhists), sand drawing (Vanuatu, formerly New Hebrides), sand sculpture and architecture.
• Sculpture
Sculpture is a three-dimensional work of plastic fine art created either by (1) Carving - in stone, marble, wood, ivory, os; (ii) modelling - from wax or clay, after which it may exist bandage in bronze; (3) an aggregation of "establish objects". Annotation: Origami newspaper folding should as well be classed every bit a plastic art.
- statue
- relief sculpture
- bronze
- ice sculpture
- ivory carving
- marble
- stone
- terracotta sculpture
- wood-carving
• Stained Glass Fine art
The supreme decorative fine art of the Gothic movement, stained glass reached its zenith during the 12th and 13th centuries when information technology was created for Christian cathedrals across Europe. Mod stained glass was made in America by John LaFarge and Louis Comfort Tiffany; and on the Continent at the Bauhaus design school.Sadly, the creators of the stained drinking glass masterpieces in Chartres and other Gothic cathedrals remain bearding, however their skills were kept alive past artists like Marc Chagall (1887-1985) and Joan Miro (1893-1983), and - in Republic of ireland - by such Irish artists as Harry Clarke (1889-1931), Sarah Purser (1848-43) and Evie Hone (1894-1955).
• Tapestry Art
An ancient blazon of textile fine art, tapestry-making flourished in Europe from the Middle Ages onwards, at the hands of French and (later) Flemish weavers. The well-nigh famous works were woven at the Gobelins tapestry and Beauvais tapestry factories in Paris, but run into also the famous Bayeux Tapestry (c.1075) a Romanesque work stitched by Anglo-Saxon and French seamsters, depicting the Norman Conquest of 1066.
• Video Fine art
One of the near recent categories of gimmicky expression, pioneered past Andy Warhol and others, video is frequently used in installation art, as well as as a stand-lonely art class. Several Turner Prize Winners have been video artists. The leading video artist of the twentieth century is probably Bill Viola (b.1951), known for his technical and creative mastery of the genre.

Earth Arts

• Aboriginal Art (Australia)
Introduction to ancient cave painting and petroglyphs from Australasia.
- Australian Colonial Painting (c.1780-1880)
- Australian Impressionism (c.1886-1900)
- Australian Mod Painting (c.1900-lx)
• Aegean Art (c.2600-1100 BCE)
Early Greek civilization: features Cycladic, Minoan and Mycenean cultures.
• African Art
Guide to stone paintings, classical African sculpture, fine art of the African kingdoms, religious and tribal artworks and more.
• American Fine art
History of painting and other fine arts in America, 1750-present.
• Pre-Columbian Art (Americas)
Compages, art and crafts of the Americas up to 1535.
• American Indian Fine art
A largely arts and crafts-based culture, specializing in forest carving, textile arts, shell-engraving, handbasket-making and formalism masks.
• American Colonial Art
Eurocentric 17th/18th century portrait painting, miniatures and architecture.
• Asian Fine art
Arts and crafts from Japan, China, Korea, SE Asia and the Indian subcontinent.
• Byzantine Art
Principally architecture, panel painting, and mosaics created by artists within the eastern Christian Byzantine empire centred on Constantinople.
• Celtic Art
Includes metalwork of the Hallstatt and La Tene culture, plus abstract geometric designwork.
• Chinese Art
Includes world famous Chinese lacquerware, bronzes, jade carving, terracotta sculpture, Chinese Porcelain, launder-painting and calligraphy. For more, see besides Chinese Pottery and Chinese Painting. For a guide to the aesthetic principles behind Oriental arts and crafts, come across: Traditional Chinese Art: Characteristics.
• Egyptian Art
Embraces mainly tomb artworks - like panel paintings, Egyptian Sculpture, murals, pottery, metalcraft and Egyptian Pyramids Architecture.
• Etruscan Fine art
Includes tomb paintings, domestic frescoes, bronze and terra cotta sculpture, ornate sarcophagi, goldsmithery and jewellery.
• Flemish Painting
School of highly realistic oil painting - including artists like Jan van Eyck, Roger van der Weyden, Hugo van der Goes, Hans Memling, and others - that strongly influenced the Italian Renaissance.
• Franco-Cantabrian Cave Art
Prehistoric parietal works in southern France and northern Spain.
• French Painting
Follows the French School (1400-1900) from medieval book painting to late 19th century Symbolism.
• German Expressionism
The most famous style of art from Germany. But see also our articles on German Medieval Fine art (c.800-1250), the German language Renaissance (1430-1580) and the German Bizarre (c.1550-1750).
• Greek Art
Highly innovative, technically accomplished, Greek artists ready the standard in all forms of fine, applied and decorative art, notably painting, sculpture, architecture and drinking glass mosaic.
• Greek Pottery
Includes a range of ceramic designs from dissimilar areas of aboriginal Hellenic republic, such as Geometric style, Oriental Mode, Black-Figure Style and Scarlet-Figure Style.
• Greek Sculpture
Includes sculptural masterpieces like Discobolus by Myron; Wounded Amazon by Polykleitos; Apollo Belvedere past Leochares; Laocoon by Hagesandrus, Athenodoros & Polydorus; Aphrodite of Melos (Venus de Milo) by Andros of Antioch.
• India: Painting & Sculpture
Includes prehistoric cupules and petroglyphs, ivory and bronze figurines, Buddhist frescoes, miniature paintings, and supreme works of Moghal architecture, like the Taj Mahal (1632-54).
• Irish gaelic Art
Includes (painting): portraiture, topographical mural, 19th century history paintings and 20th century genre-works and still lifes; (sculpture): Stone and bronzework past traditional, Gaelic, modern and contemporary Irish sculptors.
• Islamic Art
Embraces many categories of inventiveness including, mosque-compages, ceramics, faience mosaics, lustre-ware, relief sculpture, woods and ivory carving, friezes, drawing, painting, calligraphy, volume-gilding, lacquer-painted bookbinding, textile design, goldsmithery, gemstone etching, and others.
• Renaissance Fine art in Italy
Beginning in Florence, it spread to Rome and Venice before beingness taken up by painters and sculptors across Europe.
• Japanese Art
Brief guide to 4 of the main visual arts in Japan, including: Buddhist Temple art, Zen ink-painting, Yamato-eastward, and Ukiyo-e woodblock prints.
• Jewish Art
A look at Ashkenazi, Sephardi and Oriental Jewish art, crafts and archeological artifacts. Run across also Holocaust Art, principally Jewish fine art of the Shoah.
• Korean Art
Initially influenced by prehistoric Siberian civilization, and then by Chinese arts and crafts, Korea in turn influenced the development of several artforms in Nihon.
• Mesopotamian Art
A brief guide to Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian civilisation in the state betwixt the Tigris and Euphrates. For more details nearly certain national styles, see: "Sumerian art" (c.4500-2270 BCE), "Assyrian art" (c.1500-612 BCE), "Hittite art" (c.1600-1180 BCE). Encounter also: Mesopotamian Sculpture.
• Minoan Art
Covers sculpture, fresco painting, pottery, stone carvings (notably seal stones), jewellery and the palace architecture of Knossos, Phaestus, Akrotiri, Kato Zakros and Mallia.
• Mycenean Art
Embraces Tholos tomb compages, precious metalwork, and early Greek plastic arts.
• Oceanic Art
This umbrella term refers to arts and crafts produced by indigenous native peoples within the Melanesia, Polynesia and Federated states of micronesia zones of the Pacific Ocean.
• Persian Art
Encompasses monumental stone sculptures, bas-reliefs, ceramics, mosaics, metalwork, frescoes, illuminated manuscripts, calligraphy, rug-making, silk-weaving and architectural designs.
• Roman Art
Noted for its historical relief sculptures (eg. Trajan's Column) and its practical architecture (bridges, aquaducts, roads), ancient Rome was besides responsible for producing unique copies of many original Greek sculptures, without which many Hellenic treasures would have been lost forever.
• Russian Fine art
Prehistoric sculpture and the history of painting 30,000 BCE to 1920.
• Spanish Painting
Follows Iberian art (1500-1970), from El Greco to Antoni Tapies.
• Tribal Fine art
Short guide to the traditional art of tribal societies in India, Africa, the South Pacific, Australasia, Alaska and the Americas. Likewise known as Archaic Native Art, the category is sometimes extended to include certain early European artworks (eg. Celtic La Tene). It primarily consists of stoneworks (sculpture, temples), excavation, and petroglyphs.
• Viking Art
Norse art mainly consists of portable artworks, like decorated trunk armour, drinking horns, pagan icons, paddles, and minor carvings in bister, jet, bone, walrus ivory and wood.

Styles and Genres

• Abstruse Art
Strictly speaking, abstruse artworks derive from non-natural subjects such equally geometric shapes, although wider definitions embrace all non-representational works. Types of geometric abstraction are too called concrete art, or more than confusingly non-objective art. Both these terms mean the same.
• Representational Art
This describes images that are conspicuously recognizable for what they purport to be. Past dissimilarity, abstruse fine art consists of pictures that lack any clear identity, and must therefore be interpreted by the viewer.
• Figure Drawing and Figure Painting
Including representational cartoon from life.
• History Painting
Derived from the Italian word "istoria" (significant, "narrative"), history painting - exemplified by Leonardo Davinci's piece of work The Last Supper - tells noble stories or carries uplifting messages, and was considered to be No 1 in the Bureaucracy of Painting Genres.
• Portrait Art
Embracing individual, grouping or self-portraits, this genre - exemplified by Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-69) - was considered to be No two in the Hierarchy of Painting Genres.
• Genre Painting
Championed by 17th century Dutch Realists, such every bit Jan Vermeer (1632-75), this category of "everyday scenes" was seen as No three in the Hierarchy of Painting Genres.
• Landscape Painting
Comprising scenic views in which nature takes primacy over human being figures, this was rated No 4 in the Hierarchy of Painting Genres.
• Withal Life Painting
This genre - exemplified by Frans Snyders (1579-1657) - typically comprised an system of objects (flowers, kitchen utensils etc.) laid out on a table. For moralistic withal lifes, see: Vanitas Painting (17th century Holland) by Dutch artists like Harmen van Steenwyck (1612-56), Jan Davidsz de Heem (1606-83), Willem Kalf (1622-93) and Willem Claesz Heda (1594-1681). Because they were devoid of human representation, nevertheless lifes were regarded as the least of import type of painting.

• For more about the classification of the visual arts, meet: Homepage.

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ART
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